Identifying Paragraph (with adequate and inadequate cohesion)

UNITY :

State the main idea of the paragraph in a clearly constructed topic sentence. Make sure each sentence is related to the central thought. The entire paragraph should concern itself with a single focus. If it begins with one focus or major point of discussion, it should not end with another or wander within different ideas.

ADEQUATE DEVELOPMENT :

Develop your paragraphs with specific details and examples.  The topic (which is introduced by the topic sentence) should be discussed fully and adequately. Again, this varies from paragraph to paragraph, depending on the author's purpose, but writers should be wary of paragraphs that only have two or three sentences. It's a pretty good bet that the paragraph is not fully developed if it is that short.

COHESION :

Cohesion is revising to make sure that your words, ideas, and paragraphs fit together. Without cohesive sentences, readers feel like they are reading a long list of unrelated ideas.  They often have trouble remembering what you said. They also have trouble understanding how these ideas connect to one another, which may mean that they don’t understand the main point in your essay.  When your writing is not cohesive, it’s very difficult to be an effective communicator.

Cohesive Papers:

1. Group similar ideas together
2. Constantly refer back to the thesis or main idea
3. Use a well-defined structure that is easy for the reader to follow

Incorporating these connecting words and phrases into your essays will help the reader understand how your sentences and ideas relate to one another:

·       also ·       anyway ·       consequently ·       finally ·       furthermore ·       however ·       incidentally ·       indeed ·       therefore ·       thus

instead likewise meanwhile nevertheless next nonetheless otherwise still then after all

as a result  at any rate at the same time by the way  even so  for example  in addition in fact  in other words    on the contrary  on the other hand

Using this phrases and coordinating conjunctions (and, so, yet, but, or, for) will ensure that your reader can follow your meaning, and trust your voice as a writer.

Ways To Improve The Cohesiveness Of Your Writing :

v  Check the first sentence in each paragraph.

v  Check the first few words in each sentence.

v  Use topic sentences.

v  Underline the subject in longer sentences.

v  Don’t be afraid to re-state your thesis or main idea several times throughout your essay. 

COHESION VS COHERENCE :

Cohesion and coherence are linguistic qualities that are desirable in a text and as such considered important for all students trying to master a language. It is not just the awareness of these qualities but also their use in a text that makes for an important skill for students learning a language. There are many who think that cohesion and coherence are synonyms and can be used interchangeably. However, this is not the case, and there are subtle differences despite similarities that will be talked about in this article.

Cohesion

All language tools, which are used to provide links and help in connecting one part of the sentence, are important in achieving cohesion in the text. It is difficult to define cohesion but one can visualize it as small sentences adding up to make for a meaningful text as is the case with many different pieces fitting together to make for a jigsaw puzzle. For a writer, it is better to start with text that the reader is already familiar with to make a piece cohesive. This can also be done with the last few words in a sentence setting up the next few words at the start of the next sentence.

In short, the links that stick different sentences and make the text meaningful can be thought of as cohesion in the text. Establishing connections between sentences, sections, and even paragraphs using synonyms, verb tenses, time references etc. is what brings cohesion in a text. Cohesion can be thought of as glue sticking different parts of furniture so that it takes the shape the writer wants it to give.

Coherence

Coherence is a quality of a piece of text that makes it meaningful in the minds of the readers. We find a person incoherent if he is under the influence of alcohol and not able to speak out in terms of meaningful sentences. When the text begins to make sense on the whole, it is said to be coherent. If the readers can follow and understand a text easily, it obviously has coherence. Rather than the text appearing linked together perfectly, it is the overall impression of the text that appears to be smooth and clear.

What is the difference between Cohesion and Coherence?

Ø If different sentences in a text are linked properly, it is said to be cohesive.

Ø If a text appears to make sense to a reader, it is said to be coherent.

Ø  A cohesive text can appear as incoherent to the reader making it clear that the two properties of a text are not the same.

Ø Coherence is a property decided by the reader whereas cohesion is a property of the text achieved by the writer making use of different tools like synonyms, verb tenses, time references etc.

Ø Cohesion can be measured and verified through rules of grammar and semantics though measuring coherence is rather difficult.

My Self

To describe my self completely, I need to divide it into some aspect. There are background, physical appearance, personality and hobby. First of all, my name is Grassilia Nenny Fatmawati, my friends called me “Gress” or “Nenny” as my family called me. I was born on July 5, 1994. I live in Gantiwarno village, Pekalongan, East Lampung, not to far from Metro. Second, I am a girl with brown skin and black eyes. My weight is 55 kg and I am 159 cm. I am not sure about my weight and height are ideal. My face is overall, and my nose is not to pointed (flat). I always wearing a veil on my head.  I studied in Elementary School 1 Gantiwarno, Junior High school 2 Metro, Senior High School 2 Metro and now I am continuing to study in Muhammadiyah University of Metro. I take English Education Department and I am now in fourth semesters. Third, I am a stolid girl in the class and a bit lazy when I am at home. The best thing about me is that I am just the way I am, just be my self. I am not a type of person who will take what the other say about me seriously, or it can be said that I always ignoring what the others says, I do not care about that, except that what they said is the positive things. The last, I have some hobbies. I like listening to the music, especially Japanese Pop Music. I am also an anime addict or it can be called “Otaku”, my life feels so lonely if I am not reading some comics in a day, or watching and updating about anime series in every seasons. I like singing, but I can not sing a song very well. My favorite food is fried rice and my favorite drink is coffee milk. I like spending my free time in front of  my Laptop, watching anime, reading some online comics (English), chatting with my friends and playing some games too of course. Finally, I hope I can do anything and be better at any rate, no matter what.

Purple : Identification

Red : Description

Blue : Conclusion

The underlined sentence called adequate and inadequate cohesion because in the sentence using a connecting word (finally), and using a conjunction (and) to connect with each other.

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How to write a paragraph with adequate, inadequate and coherence unity

A good paragraph is characterized by unity, coherence, and adequate development:

Unity:
State the main idea of the paragraph in a clearly constructed topic sentence. Make sure each sentence is related to the central thought. The entire paragraph should concern itself with a single focus. If it begins with one focus or major point of discussion, it should not end with another or wander within different ideas.

Coherence:
Arrange ideas in a clear, logical order. Provide appropriate transitions to the subsequent paragraph. Coherence is the trait that makes the paragraph easily understandable to a reader. You can help create coherence in your paragraphs by creating logical bridges and verbal bridges.

Logical bridges

·  The same idea of a topic is carried over from sentence to sentence

·            Successive sentences can be constructed in parallel form

Verbal bridges

·            Key words can be repeated in several sentences

·            Synonymous words can be repeated in several sentences

·            Pronouns can refer to nouns in previous sentences

·            Transition words can be used to link ideas from different sentences

Adequate development:
Develop your paragraphs with specific details and examples.  The topic (which is introduced by the topic sentence) should be discussed fully and adequately. Again, this varies from paragraph to paragraph, depending on the author's purpose, but writers should be wary of paragraphs that only have two or three sentences. It's a pretty good bet that the paragraph is not fully developed if it is that short.

My Self

To describe my self completely, I need to divide it into some aspect. There are background, physical appearance, personality and hobby. First of all, my name is Grassilia Nenny Fatmawati, my friends called me “Gress” or “Nenny” as my family called me. I was born on July 5, 1994. I live in Gantiwarno village, Pekalongan, East Lampung, not to far from Metro. Second, I am a girl with brown skin and black eyes. My weight is 55 kg and I am 159 cm. I am not sure about my weight and height are ideal. My face is overall, and my nose is not to pointed (flat). I always wearing a veil on my head.  I studied in Elementary School 1 Gantiwarno, Junior High school 2 Metro, Senior High School 2 Metro and now I am continuing to study in Muhammadiyah University of Metro. I take English Education Department and I am now in fourth semesters. Third, I am a stolid girl in the class and a bit lazy when I am at home. The best thing about me is that I am just the way I am, just be my self. I am not a type of person who will take what the other say about me seriously, or it can be said that I always ignoring what the others says, I do not care about that, except that what they said is the positive things. The last, I have some hobbies. I like listening to the music, especially Japanese Pop Music. I am also an anime addict or it can be called “Otaku”, my life feels so lonely if I am not reading some comics in a day, or watching and updating about anime series in every seasons. I like singing, but I can not sing a song very well. My favorite food is fried rice and my favorite drink is coffee milk. I like spending my free time in front of  my Laptop, watching anime, reading some online comics (English), chatting with my friends and playing some games too of course. Finally, I hope I can be better, no matter what.

Purple : Identification

Red : Description

Blue : Conclusion

 

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